Init, Clone, Add & Commit

Setting up repos, staging changes, and creating commits

Repository Setup

bash

# Initialize a new repo
git init
git config user.name "Your Name"
git config user.email "you@example.com"

# Clone an existing repo
git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/user/repo.git  # shallow clone (faster)

# Stage & commit
git add .                          # stage all changes
git add -p                         # stage interactively (hunk by hunk)
git commit -m "feat: add login"    # commit with message
git commit --amend                 # modify last commit (message or files)

# Status & diff
git status                         # what's changed
git diff                           # unstaged changes
git diff --staged                  # staged changes
git log --oneline -10              # recent commits

Commit Message Convention

feat: — new feature
fix: — bug fix
docs: — documentation only
refactor: — code change that doesn't fix bug or add feature
test: — adding or updating tests
chore: — build, CI, dependencies

💬 Difference between git add . and git add -A?

In the repo root they're identical (stage all changes). git add . only stages changes in the current directory and below. git add -A always stages everything in the repo regardless of current directory.